1992 · Izvješće · engleski

Children's participation: From tokenism to citizenship (Innocenti Essays No. 4)

Hart, R. A.

Hart, R. A. (1992). Children's participation: From tokenism to citizenship (Innocenti Essays No. 4). UNICEF International Child Development Centre. eric.ed.gov/?id=ED359090

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Sažetak

Essay for the UNICEF International Child Development Centre in Florence, published shortly after the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child came into force. Hart introduces the ladder of participation, an eight-rung typology: the lower three rungs (manipulation, decoration, tokenism) are described as forms of non-participation, the upper five as degrees of genuine participation, from assigned but informed roles through consultation and shared decisions to projects that children initiate themselves and decide with adults. He illustrates the rungs with examples from schools, urban planning and children's conferences. Hart stresses that children need not always work on the highest rung; what matters is that programmes let every child choose the highest level that suits them. The text is a conceptual contribution without outcome data of its own; the ladder remains the most widely cited framework in child and youth participation.